Institute of Transportation, MOTC

        In order to reduce the negative impact of emissions inventory on residents and the environment around the port, this study evaluate the emission that generated by vessels, truck tractors and cranes in Kaohsiung port. Moreover, this study also drafted reduction strategies in two stages to improve the air quality of Port of Kaohsiung. First stage targets the standard of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC), hoping to decline the 20% of emissions in 2030 compared to 2005. The reduction strategies including reducing the speed and using the OPS on vessels； transferring the fuel on half of the cranes and truck tractors. Besides, second stage targets the standard of Greenhouse Gas Reduction Act, hoping to decline 50% of emissions in 2050 compared to 2005. The reduction strategies including vessel deceleration and OPS；transferring the fuel on all the vessels, cranes and truck tractors.
      The study found that after implemented first stage reduction strategies, port emissions inventory (CO2, CH4, N2O, PM10, PM2.5, NOX and SOX) in 2030 would decrease 46%, 26%, 25%, 77%, 77%, 76% and 68%, respectively compared to 2005. Moreover, the external cost could decline 1.11 billion USD. Furthermore, implemented second stage reduction strategies could decrease port emissions inventory (CO2, CH4, N2O, PM10, PM2.5, NOX and SOX) 57%, 59%, 53%, 79%, 79%, 80% and 69%, respectively in 2050 compared to 2005. And the external cost could decline 1.16 billion USD. If target to reduce greenhouse gases from the Port, this study suggests to implement fuel transfer on vessels because the emission of CO2, CH4 and N2O can be reduced by 21%、21% and 50%, respectively. However, if target to reduce PM and harmful gases, this study suggests to carry out OPS, which can reduce PM10, PM2.5, NOX and SOX by 75%, 75%, 72%, and 73%, respectively.