Institute of Transportation, MOTC

       Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) is a mobility distribution model in which a traveler’s major transportation needs are met to one single interface with services offered by one single integrated service provider combining transportation infrastructures, transportation services, information, and payment services. Since MaaS is a brand-new concept, few researches have been paid to its service package design and pricing. This study addresses the problem of how to determine the composition and price of a MaaS package using the bundle pricing and composition problem. The interacting knapsack problem for simultaneous composing and pricing toward MaaS service bundles is developed.

       This study explored passenger’s willingness-to-pay by contingent valuation method. Then, the interacting knapsack problem is concerned about selecting a set of service mode items such their total costs which fits within the budget of passenger’s willingness-to-pay and the total distance accomplished by the package that must meet passenger’s requirement whereas the total utility is maximized. This study conducted a questionnaire survey for collecting the utility of each transportation mode items. This study proposed an efficient solution procedure to determine the optimal composition of the MaaS bundle and the price at which it should be offered. The results of this research show that the student group prefers middle- distance package, general group prefers long-distance package, and short-distance package was more suitable for elder group. With the sensitive analysis, this research explored the optimal travel distance and unit cost for each group. The optimal unit cost is 2.12 NT dollars per kilometer for student group and elder group. 2 NT dollars for general group. The results of this research may shed light on bundle pricing composition of MaaS packages and schemes.