Institute of Transportation, MOTC

        Non-motorized transportation (eg walking, bicycle) is a major factor in the development of sustainable transportation systems, but pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users in the transportation system. The number of deaths in traffic crashes has decreased in 2012-2016, however, the proportion of pedestrian deaths in the country has increased year by year, indicating the severity of pedestrian crashes. Therefore, how to reduce pedestrian crashes and the casualty of pedestrians is an important issue to be solved. Safety performance functions can be used to identify crashes locations with low accidents but high risks.When establishing the safety performance function, the road exposure (including vehicle volume and pedestrian volume) is an important factor, but the pedestrian volume data is scarce. Therefore, this study intends to compensate for the lack of pedestrian exposure in pedestrian safety analysis by establishing the relationship between land use, pedestrian volume and pedestrian safety, and attempts to develop a simultaneous equation model of pedestrian volume and pedestrian safety to solve the endogenous problem.
        The research results show that the intersection characteristics such as land use, social economic and traffic construction around the intersection have a significant impact on pedestrian volume. In the pedestrian safety performance function, the zero-inflated model (ZINB) with the estimated pedestrian volume and relevant variables is the best, indicating that the relevant variables can make up for the shortcomings of the pedestrian volume data as a peak hour sampling survey. The zero- inflated model (ZINB) with only relevant variables in the pedestrian safety performance function is sub-optimal, indicating that in the absence of pedestrian volume data, it is also feasible to use the relevant variables to establish the pedestrian safety performance function. The simultaneous estimation model is better with the two-stage Predictor Substitution (2SPS) method, indicating that the simultaneous estimation model can be established in a 2SPS when considering the endogeneity of the model. In addition, the pedestrian safety performance function with the crosswalk-based is better than the pedestrian safety performance function with the intersection-based.