Institute of Transportation, MOTC

Title	A Study of On-board Measurements of Fuel Consumption and Green House Gas Emissions of Scooters
Dept	Transportation Planning and Land Transport Division
Year	2014
Month
Price
Summary	Global climatic change calls for effective programs for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases from all countries worldwide. For effective and efficient implementation, environmental considerations should be incorporated at the planning stage. The Institute of Transportation (IOT) has made considerable efforts in building travel demand forecasting models for evaluating transportation projects in economic terms. Incorporating environmental factors for evaluating effects of transportation policies on fuel consumption and air pollution, however, requires more research efforts. 　　This study continues the efforts of the project entitled, ‘A Study on the Relation Analysis between Energy Consumption, Emissions and Transportation Planning’ and ‘A Study of On-board Measurements of Fuel Consumption and Green House Gas Emissions of Large Buses’, which established relationship between fuel consumption/green house gas emission rates and traffic operations factors of small automobiles and large buses. The objective of this study is to focus on the special case of Scooters, which is the most popular transportation mode in Taiwan. This research is focused on building by experiments the relationships between fuel consumption and green-house gas emissions of Scooters. Traffic management alternatives may then be evaluated for achieving the goals of reducing fuel consumption and emissions of air pollutants in the metropolitan areas in Taiwan. 　　The study made the following contributions: The project team used the new technology of On-board Emissions Measurement Systems to collect about 39 thousand seconds of emissions data, which are used for building relationships between CO2 emissions, fuel consumption and instantaneous operating speeds of Scooters by highway class. Case studies show that the energy consumption/emissions model is sensitive to traffic operations of Scooters, and is an effective tool for evaluating alternatives for Scooter traffic management policies. Data collected by this project show that higher emission standards would result in reduced energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Scooters of emission standard IV consume about 20% more fuel than those of emission standard V. The curves of emissions vs. speeds show considerably high rates when traveling at low speeds, and there is a sharp decreasing trends when speeds increase when being operated in the speed range of 5 to 30 KPH. The emission rates remain relatively level when vehicles speeds exceed 30 KPH. Traffic management measures for maintaining steady operating speed above 30 KPH will be effective for reducing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, especially on urban arterials. Case studies were conducted by applying fuel/CO2 emissions models of cars, buses and Scooters, which were developed in the past 7 years, to the 4-step transportation planning model. Although the mode of Scooters has the best vehicular fuel efficiency in general; but buses would have the best fuel intensity on a per-passenger basis. Considering roadway class and speed distributions of various modes, Scooter’s CO2 emission is equivalent to 0.46 passenger car, intercity bus is about 2.4, city bus is about 4 in a rush hour in Taipei City.
Post date	2014/08/04
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